Key figures on European living conditions – 2023 edition

Key figures on European living conditions provides intuitive visualisations and a comprehensive overview of living conditions in Europe. The first section describes income distribution and inequality, shedding light on social and financial disparities across countries and focusing on the challenges that certain groups face in accessing necessities.

The second section covers households’ characteristics and the employment situation of household members. It also provides information on living arrangements and the impact of these factors on overall well-being. The last section describes factors such as access to healthcare services, health and disability – also from a socio-economic perspective.

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ks-hc-23-001

Housing in Europe - 2022 interactive edition

There are large differences within Europe on how we live in terms of size, kind and quality of housing and whether we own or rent. The evolution of house prices and rents also varies significantly between countries. ‘Housing in Europe - 2022 interactive edition’ shows figures on many different aspects of housing.

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/housing/

Housing in Europe — 2021 interactive edition 

There are large differences within Europe on how we live in terms of size, kind and quality of housing and whether we own or rent. The evolution of house prices and rents also varies significantly between countries. Housing in Europe — 2021 interactive edition shows figures on many different aspects of housing. [+]

Competition in urban hiring markets: evidence from online job advertisements — 2021 edition

This paper provides the first Europe-wide evidence on competition among firms in urban hiring markets. It calculates a labour market concentration indicator (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index) by occupation for every functional urban area (FUA) of the 27 EU Member States, using over 100 million Online Job Advertisements (OJAs) collected from hundreds of job portals in 2019-2020. The results show that across urban areas, hiring market concentration is associated with migration patterns and employment prospects. It tends to be low in large urban areas in Europe (e.g. Berlin, Milan, Paris), indicating a robust degree of competition among employers and more choice for job-seekers across all occupations. In contrast, urban labour markets are thinner all along the southern and eastern periphery of the European Union, particularly in smaller towns. An increase in hiring market concentration across European countries is observed in the second quarter of 2020, when the pandemic crisis hit Europe stronger. These are the first experimental results using OJAs available at Eurostat thanks to the collaboration with the European Centre for Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP) and with European National Statistical Institutes. The data and methodology used in this paper are still in an experimental phase, and some potential improvements are discussed in the paper. [+]

The life of women and men in Europe — 2021 interactive edition

There are large differences between the lives of women and men in Europe, but there are also similarities. The latest edition of the interactive publication ‘The life of women and men in Europe’ aims at comparing women and men in their daily lives. It also shows how similar or different the everyday life of women and men is in European countries. This interactive publication containing short texts, interactive visualisation tools, infographics, etc. has been developed by Eurostat in collaboration with the National Statistical Institutes of the EU Member States and the EFTA countries. [+]

National Student Fee and Support Systems in European Higher Education – 2020/21
Luxembourg: OPOCE, 2020  Eurydice Report

This report presents a comparative overview of the main features of national student fee and financial support systems in European higher education in the 2020/21 academic year. It provides the reader with insights on whether any fees are charged to students in higher education, which students may have to pay such fees and how much. It also presents public financial support tools available to students, including grants and loans, as well as to their families, in the form of tax benefits to students’ parents and family allowances. [+]

Harmonised European Time Use Surveys (HETUS) — 2018 guidelines — Re-edition

After 2000 and 2008, the Harmonised European Time Use Surveys (HETUS) 2018 guidelines are the third version of this methodological manual issued by Eurostat. These HETUS 2018 guidelines were firstly published on the Eurostat website in April 2019. All errors and possible improvements detected in the text since then were either removed from or added to this re-edition 2020. The HETUS 2018 guidelines recommend – as innovations compared to 2008 – to include a new diary column on information and communication technology (ICT) used during each activity. The three-level HETUS Activity Coding List (ACL) 2018 will be exactly the same as ACL 2008 for the two aggregated levels; only on detailed third level of ACL a few additional codes are proposed. Moreover, people's everyday satisfaction will be captured in future via four additional questions at the end of the diary. In order to reduce the burden of respondents, there are fewer questions in the household and in the individual model questionnaire. Finally, the form "Weekly Schedule of Working Time" will be left out. Actually, countries planning to participate in HETUS wave 3 are preparing, together with Eurostat, to complete HETUS with new tools and sources for collecting data in the years to come. Results of these initiatives will become available by the end of 2020 and these will then be "translated" into precise and generally applicable methodological guidelines. Eurostat works – with the help of a dedicated Task Force TUS on Innovative Tools and Sources – to develop additional guidelines of this kind from 2021 onwards. Such additional guidelines, e.g. on new ways and mixed modes of data collection, will be added as an annex to the HETUS 2018 guidelines as soon as they will be ready. [+]

Quality of life in European cities
Luxemburgo: OPOCE, 2020

What city is the cleanest or the safest? In which city is easy to find a job or a house? Which city has the best public transport or air quality? Answers to these questions and many more can be found in the latest Report on the Quality of life in European Cities, 2020. This report summarises the results of the 5th survey of European cities, which covers 83 cities and was carried out in 2019.

The new Quality of life in European cities survey provides a unique insight into city life. It gathers the experiences and opinions of city dwellers across Europe. It shows that people living in northern EU cities are the most satisfied with their city, but satisfaction in eastern EU cities is increasingly rapidly. People living in a large city are more satisfied with public transport, but those living in smaller cities feel safer when walking alone at night.

Most people think their city is a good place for minorities, but in some cities less than half the residents think this is the case. For the first time, the survey includes questions about the quality of the city administration. For example, half of the city residents think there is corruption in their city administration, but in the worst cities four in five think this is the case compared to only one in five in the best cities.

The interactive maps and spider charts are another novelty. Below people can select the questions they want to see on a map and they can select for which city they want to see an overview of how it compares the average city and the best and the worst city in the survey. Both maps and charts can be downloaded. Under the maps and spider charts, you will find addition information, including all the maps and charts of the questions used in the report, the data, the full questionnaire and a technical report on the survey. [+]

Según una nueva encuesta, la mayoría de los europeos considera que en su vida hay, en general, equidad, si bien abrigan inquietudes acerca de la justicia, las decisiones políticas y la desigualdad de ingresos. Jean-Claude Juncker, presidente de la Comisión Europea, ha hecho de la equidad en la UE el fundamento de sus prioridades políticas. Para respaldar este esfuerzo con pruebas científicas, el Centro Común de Investigación (CCI), servicio de ciencia y conocimiento de la Comisión, elaboró el año pasado su primer informe sobre la equidad. Los resultados del Eurobarómetro especial publicado hoy ayudarán a abordar cuestiones generales sobre las injusticias percibidas en el empleo, la educación, la salud y la sociedad en sentido amplio.

Según este Eurobarómetro, son mayoría los europeos que consideran que en sus vidas está esencialmente presente la equidad y que disfrutan de igualdad de oportunidades para progresar en la vida. Sin embargo, están menos convencidos de que las decisiones de la justicia y las decisiones políticas se apliquen de manera igualitaria y coherente en sus países, es decir, sin importar la clase social, la riqueza y los contactos de cada cual. La gran mayoría piensa también que las desigualdades de ingresos son demasiado grandes y que los gobiernos deberían actuar al respecto, mientras que menos de la mitad opinan que la igualdad de oportunidades y su posición social han ido mejorando.  (RAPID, IP/18/3427, 23.4.2018)

Statistical matching of European Union statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) and the household budget survey

The Europe 2020 social inclusion target is measured through work attachment, income and material deprivation indicators using the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). There has been increasing interest in recent years in whether expenditure and consumption provide more appropriate measures of standards of living than income. So, this working paper compares people’s exposure to poverty using three different measures: income, expenditure and material deprivation. However, no single data source provides joint information on all these variables. Therefore, the working paper describes methodological work conducted to statistically match expenditure from the Household Budget Survey with income and material deprivation contained within EU-SILC using data for six EU countries. The three matching approaches used are parametric, non-parametric and mixed. Overall, the mixed methods approach tends to perform slightly better at matching expenditure, based on a variety of measures. The implications of this work for the ongoing review of the EU-SILC legal basis are discussed. [+]