Data uncertainties: their sources and consequences

Official economic statistics are uncertain even if not always interpreted or treated as such. From a historical perspective, this paper reviews different categorisations of data uncertainty, specifically the traditional typology that distinguishes sampling from nonsampling errors and a newer typology of Manski (2015, Journal of Economic Literature). Throughout the importance of measuring and communicating these uncertainties is emphasised, as hard as it can prove to measure especially some sources of data uncertainty relevant for administrative and big datasets. Accordingly, this paper both seeks to encourage further work into the measurement and communication of data uncertainty in general and introduce the COMUNIKOS project at Eurostat. COMUNIKOS is designed to evaluate alternative ways of measuring and communicating data uncertainty specifically in contexts relevant for official economic statistics. [+]

Energy balance sheets — 2017 data — 2019 edition

The current publication presents the simplified energy balance sheets for 2017 and time series of key elements of energy balances for the years 2005, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017. Energy data are available for all Member States of the European Union as well as Iceland, Norway, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Albania, Serbia, Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99), Ukraine and Georgia. The energy balances have been constructed according to Eurostat’s methodology on the basis of the energy content of each source and form of energy. The energy balances are expressed in thousands of tonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe). [+]